water, always

Field

E.W. Tow, Q.J. Wei, A.R. Abraham, K.L. Chua, M.J. Pluley, J.H. Lienhard V, “Piloting batch reverse osmosis with a flexible bladder for water recovery from scaling-prone brine,” npj Clean Water 8, 30 (2025) (doi link)
Q.J. Wei, M.J. Plumley, K.L. Chua, A.R. Abraham, J.H. Lienhard V, E.W. Tow, “Batch Reverse Osmosis Pilot Demonstration,” IDA World Congress, Sydney, Australia, 9–13 Oct. 2022. IDA Ref. No. IDAWC22-Wei (paper)(slides)

Systems and methods for rapid flushing of a membrane-based system, Q.J. Wei, A.T. Bouma, and J.H. Lienhard V, U.S. Provisional Pat. Ser. No. 63/182,761, 30 April 2021 (Google patents)
Q.J. Wei, Can batch reverse osmosis make desalination more affordable and sustainable? PhD thesis, MIT, 2021 (dSpace)
Q.J. Wei, C.I. Tucker, P.J. Wu, A. Trueworthy, E.W. Tow, and J.H. Lienhard V, “Impact of salt retention on true batch reverse osmosis energy consumption: experiments and model validation,” Desalination, online 3 February 2020, 479:114177, 1 April 2020. (doi link) (open access)
Batch Pressure-Driven Membrane Desalination with Closed Flow Loop and Reservoir Tank, D.M. Warsinger, E.W. Tow, R.K. McGovern, G.P. Thiel, and J.H. Lienhard V, US Patent #10,166,510, 1 January 2019 (Google patents)
D.M. Warsinger, E.W. Tow, L.A. Maswadeh, G. Connors, J. Swaminathan, and J.H. Lienhard V, “Inorganic fouling mitigation by salinity cycling in batch reverse osmosis,” Water Research, online 5 Feb. 2018, 137:384-394, 15 June 2018. (doi link) (open access)

J. Swaminathan, E.W. Tow, R.L. Stover, and J.H. Lienhard V, “Practical aspects of design of batch reverse osmosis for energy efficient seawater desalination,” Desalination, online 21 August 2019, 470:114097, 15 November 2019. (doi link) (open access)
J.R. Werber, A. Deshmukh, and M. Elimelech, “Can batch or semi-batch processes save energy in reverse-osmosis desalination?” Desalination, 402. January 2017. page(s) 109-122. (doi link)
D.M. Warsinger, E.W. Tow, K.G. Nayar, L.A. Maswadeh, and J.H. Lienhard V, “Energy Efficiency of Batch and Semi-batch (CCRO) Reverse Osmosis Desalination,” Water Research, online 25 Sept. 2016, 106:272-282, 1 Dec. 2016. (doi link) (open access)
Thiel, Gregory P., Ronan K. McGovern, Syed M. Zubair, and John H. Lienhard V. “Thermodynamic Equipartition for Increased Second Law Efficiency.” Applied Energy 118 (April, 2014): 292–299. (doi link) (open access)
K.H. Mistry, R.K. McGovern, G.P. Thiel, E.K. Summers, S.M. Zubair, and J.H. Lienhard V, “Entropy generation analysis of desalination technologies,” Entropy, 13(10):1829-1864, Sept. 2011 (open access)